Issue 39 (2020, 3) Summary

ARTICULT #39 (3-2020) July-September

SUMMARY

THEORY OF ART

ONTOLOGY OF EXHIBITION ACTIVITY
UDC 06.064+061.4+7.01
Author: Schtein Sergey Yuryevich, PhD in Art Studies, assistant professor, Chair of the Cinema and Contemporary Art Studies, Russian State University for the Humanities (6 Miusskaya sq., Moscow, Russia, GSP-3, 125993), e-mail: sergey@schtein.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4419-1369
Summary: The article is devoted to theoretical modeling of the ontology of exhibition activity. The meaningful “frame” for expressing the desired ontology is the methodological presentation of activity. The method of schematization is used as the main tool for the formal expression of content. The methodological basis for theoretical modeling is the activity approach, the genetically constructive approach, the ontologization method and the constant method. In the construction special attention paid to the main variants of the source material of the exhibition activity and its product, as well as to the subject who perceives the exhibition in the conditions of its functioning. The resulting methodological construction can be used in theoretical studies of various aspects related to exhibition activity and in work that directly implies the implementation of the exhibition activity itself.
Keywords: exhibition activity, methodology of art studies, art theory, the science of art, activity approach, ontologization, constant method

read online / download pdf

HISTORY OF ART

WEAPONS OF ANCIENT EGYPT: THE MILITARY AND THE SACRED. PART 2
UDC 7.032(32)+739.7
Author: Reunov Yury Sergeevich, PhD in Art Studies, researcher, Centre for Egyptological Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences (29-8 Leninsky av., Moscow, Russia, 119071), e-mail: yury.reunov@gmail.com
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6264-4918
Summary: In the second part of the article development of Ancient Egyptian weapons in context of their combat use and ritual and magical understanding continues to be studied. The paper reveals the key aspects of origin and evolution of pole, small arms and throwing weapons. Attention is paid to identifying adoptions of separate technical solutions from other nations, which is mainly relevant to compound bows. Due to the fact that weapons served as a tool for not only solving practical problems, but also performing rites, some Egyptian religious beliefs are briefly discussed, namely those on the role of a pharaoh in maintaining the world order as well as on participation of gods in achieving victory. A system of features that allow attributing weapons as belonging to a utilitarian or ceremonial category is proposed.
Keywords: Ancient Egypt, weapon, armament, war, ritual, spear, javelin, stick, bow, magic, symbolism

read online / download pdf

ABOUT THE ATTRIBUTION OF ALKAMENES’ APHRODITE ἘΝ ΚΉΠΟΙΣ
UDC 7.032(38)
Author: Polezhaeva Kseniya Olegovna, PhD student, Department of History of Art, Faculty of History, Lomonosov Moscow State University (27-4, Lomonosovsky prospekt, Moscow, 119192), e-mail: kseniya-polezhaeva@yandex.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4988-4727
Summary: The article is dedicated to the statue of Alkamenes’ Aphrodite ἐν κήποις. The oeuvre is repeatedly mentioned in the ancient sources. The original of the sculpture has not reach the modern era. The connection of the work with the Roman copies causes an extensive discussion between art historians. Accordingly, the main purpose of this article is to identify a number of specific monuments with the statue of Aphrodite ἐν κήποις. To solve this problem, the author, first of all, carries out a detailed study and review of the messages of the ancient authors. Then, the author studies the historical aspects of creating the statue and some problems of iconography depicting the goddess Aphrodite in the art of the second half of the 5th century BC. The article highlights the main scholar works on both the work of the Alkamenes in general and the statue of Aphrodite ἐν κήποις in particular. The author compares the only original Alkamenes’ statue that has come down to us, the group of Prokne and Itys, with a number of the Roman copies that some scholars associate with the statue of Aphrodite ἐν κήποις. Such a comparison is carried out by applying a formal stylistic analysis. Together, the data collected and analyzed allow
Keywords: Ancient Greek Art, classical Athens, sculpture, Alkamenes, Aphrodite, Aphrodite in the Gardens, Leaning Aphrodite

read online / download pdf

THE IMAGE OF THE ALTAR OF ST. PETER'S BASILICA IN THE ROMAN CHURCHES OF THE 12-13TH CENT.
UDC 7.033.4
Author: Kuznetsova Nataliya Sergeevna, graduate student of historical faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov Ave., 27, bldg. 4, Moscow, Russia, 119192), e-mail: natik.ne@mail.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5639-4174
Summary: The Main purpose of the study is an analysis of influence of the image of St. Peter's Basilica on the Roman church architecture of the 12th-13th centuries. It is possible to search the special type of the presbytery, characterized by uniting of the altar on the pedestal and the reliquary “confession” in the general vertical composition. The congregation of these churches had opportunities to see the process of worship and approach the saint relicts. The altar stood so that the Priest served the mass facing the worshippers, as it was in San Pietro. So, this important monument of Rome could be a model for the other churches of the Middle Ages. Among the churches of this period, such features have the altar space of San Giovanni in Laterano, as well as the basilicas of San Giorgio in Velabro, Santa Maria Assunta in Anagni and Santi Giovanni e Paolo in Ferentino. All these buildings was connected with the Power of Papa.
Keywords: altar, Rome, architecture, interior, throne, confession

read online / download pdf

THE VISUAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ANGER, FEAR AND OTHER TRAGIC EMOTIONS IN THE NETHERLANDS AND GERMANY’S ALTAR PAINTINGS OF THE XVTH AND XVITH CC.
UDC 7.033.5(430+492)+7.046.3+7.049.1
Author: Zabrodina Elena Albertovna, Ph. D. student, Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosovskii pr., 27–4, Moscow, Russia, 119192), e-mail: elena.zabrodina@gmail.com
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8805-8300
Summary: The most tragic emotions were perceived usually as antisocial in the Middle Ages. There was often the link between the emotions and the seven dead sins. However, the perception of these emotions could change under the influence of the situation. Sometimes tragic emotions could become logical or even useful for an individual. This aspect in the visualization of such feelings drew the spectator‘s attention especially in the Renaissance altarpieces. That is worthy to consider some fundamental emotions such as anger, sorrow, fear and so on in the context of the German and Netherlandish masters ‘works of the 15th – early 16th centuries. The main topics of the considered masterpieces are the Passion of Christ and the Last Judgment. The interdisciplinary nature of this paper allows to broaden the understanding of how compositional techniques, the color choice and even the format of the picture affect the visualization of emotions in religious works. Some Netherlandish and German masters had a narrative aim creating a scene from the cycle of the Passion of Christ, others – an expressive-symbolic aim. However, the analysis of the works of the 15th – 16th centuries’ artists considering the psychology of emotions provides new opportunities for understanding the artistic and social context of the existence of the altarpiece.
Keywords: emotions in art, history of emotions, Northern Renaissance, 15th-century German art, Early Netherlandish painting, art of the Middle Ages

read online / download pdf

NEW SPAIN’S BAROQUE PAINTING: THE WORK OF CRISTÓBAL DE VILLALPANDO
UDC 7.034(72)
Author: Prikladova Mariia Aleksandrovna, PhD in Art History, senior lecturer, Chair of History of Western European Art, Saint Petersburg State University (7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., Saint Petersburg, Russia, 199034), e-mail: mprikladova@gmail.com, m.prikladova@spbu.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9751-9516
Summary: The author of the paper investigates the work of Cristóbal de Villalpando (c.1649-1714). His paintings are analyzed in historical, cultural and social context. The author pays attention to the links and relationships between the art world of Europe and the Viceroyalty of New Spain. A significant part of his paintings belongs to the religious genre. Villalpando had been strongly influenced by works of Spanish and Flemish artists. Villalpando’s paintings demonstrate his penchant for narrative, monumentality and incorporation of many figures and details in his compositions. At the same time Villalpando acts as a distinctive painter, originally interpreting biblical scenes and signing himself as “inventor”. The relevance of the article is due to the lack of knowledge of the Baroque colonial artists’ heritage.
Keywords: the Baroque, Cristóbal de Villalpando, the Viceroyalty of New Spain, painting, engraving

read online / download pdf

JEAN-CLAUDE RICHARD DE SAINT-NON (1727-1791), AN AMATEUR IN FINE ARTS AND A FRIEND OF ARTISTS
UDC 7.035(44)+7.073
Author: Agratina Elena Evgen’evna, Ph.D in Art Studies, Associate Professor (Ballet Theory and History Department) in the Moscow State Ballet Academy (2nd Frunzenskaya Street, 5, Moscow, Russia, 119146), e-mail: agratina_elena@mail.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9842-0967
Summary: The article is dedicated to Jean-Claude Richard de Saint-Non (1727–1791), a refined connoisseur, a great friend of artists and an extremely charming personality. Destined to religious worship Abbot de Saint-Non had not a spiritual calling for this and was indifferent to any government service. Instead of it he devoted his own life to such activities as travelling, exploration of ancient and modern art, patronage of young painters and creation of multi-volumed treatise on the sights of Naples and Sicily. Abbot de Saint-Non himself was talented in fine art and produced some engravings after drawings by outstanding masters of his epoch, especially J.-H. Fragonard. The article examines his life, activities, and personality for the first time in Russian. It highlights de Saint-Non’s contribution to the development of the 18th-century painting and to investigation of ancient art.
Keywords: the 18th-century art, the 18th-century international relations in Europe, engraving, connoisseurship, art patronage

read online / download pdf

ILLUSTRATED POSTCARDS ON THE 1812 PATRIOTIC WAR: SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF THE NARRATIVE
UDC 769.5
Author: Mikhailova Natalia Olegovna, PhD student, Art History Department, European University at Saint Petersburg (191187, Russia, St.Petersburg, Shpalernaya st. 1), e-mail: nmikhailova@eu.spb.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2108-312X
Summary: The illustrated postcards of the early 20th century constructed a specific narrative about the 1812 Patriotic War. That narrative differed from both academic tradition and the war history translated by official institutions such as schools, churches, and local authorities during the anniversary celebrations in 1912. It is important to define this narrative, bearing in mind that the majority of people, who received such postcards lived in cities and were more involved in the entertaining activities, rather than educational context. Studying illustrated postcards in the context of other activities, which were conducted during the anniversary celebrations, such as publishing academic papers and brochures, organizing exhibitions, designing speeches for the anniversary celebrations allows us to identify a problematic approach to this material, traditionally considered to be a source for science.
Keywords: illustrated postcards, anniversary, popular culture, printed ephemera, history of printing

read online / download pdf

CONTEMPORARY ART

“CONNECTED TO HIS TIMES”: THE ORIGINS OF N.D. GRITSIUK’S ABSTRACT COMPOSITIONS FROM THE SERIES “FANTASIES AND INTERPRETATIONS”
UDC 7.038+7.071.1
Author: Chimitov Vyacheslav Nikolayevich, researcher, Novosibirsk State Art Museum (5 Krasniy prospekt, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630007), e-mail: 4imitov@mail.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-2815-5939
Summary: The article considers the late works of the Novosibirsk artist N.D. Gritsiuk and analyzes several pieces from the series “Fantasies and Interpretations” which was a vehicle for his free self-expression. In some abstract compositions of the late 1960s and early 1970s, Gritsiuk strives to make sense out of the contemporary political events, through the use of metaphorical imagery which occasionally turns into an allegorical language. The main source of this technique are the numerous “doodles” and autographs of the artist which reflect the automatism and intuitive quality of his writing. The method of fantasizing, as well as abstraction and realistic rendering of reality, becomes for the artist yet another instrument for making sense both of his own inner feelings and the overall world. Thus, Gritsiuk’s works on political topics harmoniously unite the abstraction, surreal imagery, and the principles of fantasizing.
Keywords: N.D. Gritsiuk, artistic language, abstract art, late Soviet art, surrealism

read online / download pdf

CINEMA

FILMS ABOUT SHERLOCK HOLMES FROM 1900 TO 1920 IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CINEMATIC ART
UDC 791.43-2
Author: Roman Sergei Nikolaevich, PhD in Philology, assistant professor, Chair of the History and Humanities, State University of Humanities and Technology (22 Zelenaya Street, Orekhovo-Zuevo, Moscow Region, Russia, 1426111), e-mail: berbertolu44i@mail.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9452-6713
Summary: The article deals with the artistic specifics of the films about Sherlock Holmes made during the first two decades of cinematography. These films are researched through the lenses of the general tendencies of the development of cinematic art characteristic of the mentioned period, as opposed to low-grade works lacking any aesthetic trait virtues. In the 1910s, as the role of realism in the delivery of the material in cinematography increases, the films about Sherlock Holmes appear to be disconnected from the action film genre – they acquire the detective basis proper and mostly dwell on the disclosure of the personality of the main character. The first film serials become a model for the genre of detective feuilleton, which was considered to be universal, capable of revealing the cultural specifics of the epoch.
Keywords: history of feature films, detective film, screen version, Arthur Conan Doyle, Sherlock Holmes

read online / download pdf

HISTORY AND THEORY OF CULTURE

ITALIAN MASTERS IN THE MOSCOW XV-XVI CENTURIES – PEOPLES AND FATES IN THE LIGHT OF HISTORIOGRAPHY OF XXI CENTURY
UDC 72.007+72.03
Author: Medved Alexander Nikolaevich, Ph.D., Deputy Director of the Center of Integrative and Digital Humanities, Docent of the Museology department, Division for History of Arts, Russian State University for the Humanities (6 Miusskaya sq., Moscow, Russia, GSP-3, 125993), e-mail: man1153@ya.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9924-5849
Summary: The author analyzes the studies of XX – beg. XXI on the activities of Italian engineers and architects in the Moscow (2nd half of the XV century – 1 third of the XVI century). The article considers the publications of Russian and Italian researchers. The main attention is paid to research, where the issues of the origin of visiting masters, features of the organization of construction production, new forms of structures were considered. The main trends that are characteristic of historiography on the topic at different periods of its existence are highlighted. Author summarized the research results and outlined most pressing issues for future research. The author hypothesizes that the most promising is a more detailed study of the documents of the Italian archives.
Keywords: “mastres-fryazy”, Moscow Kremlin, Ivan III, construction industryof Moscow Rus’, Aristotel Fiorovanti, Aleviz Old, Aleviz New, Petr Maloy

read online / download pdf

METHODOLOGY

ANALYSIS OF COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH IN ARCHITECTURE AND PSYCHOLOGY OF THE LATE TWENTIETH-EARLY TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
UDC 72.01
Author-1: Vinogradova Evgenia Igorevna, Senior Lecturer, Ural State University of Architecture and Art (23, Karl Liebknecht St., Ekaterinburg, 620075, Russia), e-mail: evgenia.vip@list.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8486-927X
Author-2: Kilimnik Evgeny Vitalievich, Doctor of Arts, corresponding member Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Professor, Department of Artistic Design and Theory of Creativity, Ural State Mining University, (9 Universitetsky per., Yekaterinburg, Russia, 620144), e-mail: kilimnik_06@mail.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-2949-465X
Summary: The article analyzes the work of Western and Russian scientists, conducted in the past three decades, on the relationship of psychology and architecture. It is shown that in the West, the neuropsychological aspects of the relationship of psychology and architecture are studied thanks to modern neurobiological equipment, while in Russia there is a clear gap between the representatives of neuroscience, their technical support, and the architectural scientific community. As a result of the analysis conducted in the article, it is concluded that two research blocks can be distinguished. The first of them highlights the relationship between the psyche of the viewer and architecture. This may include research, both revealing the features of the perception of objects, and the influence of an architectural object on the viewer. Another block of research is connected with the psyche of the architect: and here the features of the design process itself are examined, as well as the influence of the personality of the architect on the features of the architectural object. It is concluded that the topic of reflecting the individual or individually-typological psychological characteristics of the personality of an architect in a specific architectural work remains undeveloped both in the West and in Russia, although it is extremely relevant today.
Keywords: architecture and psychology, architect, viewer, self-portrait, architectural neurology

read online / download pdf

REVIEWS

REVIEW OF THE BOOK BY S.Yu. SCHTEIN “MATRIX OF HUMANITIES”
UDC 009+7.01
Author: Kolotaev Vladimir Alekseevich, Dr.Habil. in philology, full professor, dean of the Faculty of the History of Art, Russian State University for the Humanities (6 Miusskaya sq., Moscow, Russia, GSP-3, 125993), e-mail: vakolotaev@gmail.com
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-7190-5726
Summary: Review of the book by S.Yu. Schtein “Matrix of humanities”. Moscow, RGGU, 2020.
Keywords: science of science, methodology, humanitarian science, the science of art, Matrix of humanities, S.Yu. Schtein

read online / download pdf