Issue 26 (2017, 2) Summary

ARTICULT #26 (2-2017) June-August

SUMMARY

THEORY OF ART

PERMANENT REFLEXIVE-METHODOLOGICAL WORK IN THE CONDITIONS OF ART STUDIES
UDC 001.8+001.89+7.01
Author: Schtein Sergey, PhD in Art Studies, assistant professor, Chair of the Cinema and Contemporary Art Studies, Russian State University for the Humanities (Moscow, Russia), e-mail: sergey@schtein.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4419-1369
Summary: Object of research are methodological tools which could be used for the translation of art studies as specific disciplinary object from pre-paradigmal state in which it is now, in paradigmatic state. Such methodology is explained as result of the transition from the naturalistic approach to cognition as used in art and in all humanitarian sciences to the approach to the active cognition, in the framework of which it is possible to maintain permanent reflexive and methodological activity as a specific methodological strategy allowing to make a required transfer. The descriptive-analytical methodology is introduced as general line in the presentation of the subject of the research, completed with applied activity approach and method of theoretical modeling allowing to construct a sufficient ontological scheme for the subject field of art studies. This methodology is one of the main requirements for the functional use of permanent reflexive and methodological work of sufficient quality. The novelty of the research is that on the basis of the analysed methodological tools, specific to humanities, two essentially new conditions for research activity in art studies area as specific disciplinary object are now put forward, the first of which allows to form a full paradigmal knowledge in relation to art, and the second allows to implement functional research work, with respect to existing knowledge, reshaping art studies as independent disciplinary object without paradigmal component.
Keywords: methodology of art studies, art theory, permanent reflexive-methodological work, ontology of art studies, meta ontology of art, methods of art studies, science about art, activity approach, ontologization, science studies

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SUPREMATISM OF MALEVICH AND MYSTICISM OF ECKHART
UDC 7.01
Author: Plankina Tatiana, MA student, Faculty of Theology, St.Tikhon's Orthodox University (Moscow, Russia), e-mail: pltpl@yandex.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4865-8226
Summary: In this article it is analyzed the problem of Suprematism of Malevich and mysticism of Eckhart in the context of their teachings. Also it is compared the concepts that used in their writings as “nothing”, “tranquility”, “will” and the others. Is analyzed the apophatic and cataphatic methods of the knowledge of God and the transcendent and immanent in Eckhart and in the theoretical and artistic creation of Malevich. It is assumed that Suprematism Malevich (both in theory and in practice) can be considered in the context of Christian mysticism. The research is concentrated in the field of such disciplines as philosophy of art and theology. It is assumed that this study will be useful for a deeper understanding of Malevich's creative and for his further research.
Keywords: suprematism, mysticism, Malevich, Eckhart, apophatic, cataphatic, transcendent, immanent, “nothing”

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THEATRE, THEATRICALITY AND THEATRALIZATION: IN SEARCH FOR THEATER HERMENEUTICS DEFINITION
UDC 792.01
Author: Molchanova Maria, PhD in philosophy, Chair of the History of Theater and Cinema, Russian State University for the Humanities (Moscow, Russia), e-mail: kuvshinova.maria@gmail.com
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-2847-6177
Summary: The article is dedicated to the problems with definition of “theatricality” as a cultural phenomenon. Based on the significant works of modern European theatre reseachers, three types of theatre “signs” were constructed: as an aesthetics category, as a number of relations between everyday and metaphysic forms of cultural practice, as a way to classify cultural and mental processes in the specific period of time.
Keywords: theatricality, theatre hermeneutics, theatre theory

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HISTORY OF ART

INDIVIDUAL UNIVERSE: THE GARDEN AS A POETIC MOTIF IN THE VISUAL ART OF THE ART NOUVEAU ERA
UDC 7.049.1
Author: Davydova Olga, Ph.D. in the History of Arts, Leading Researcher Associate at the Scientific Research Institute of Theory and History of Arts of the Russian Academy of Arts (Moscow, Russia), е-mail: davydov-olga@yandex.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-6834-3291
Summary: The article explores the fate of the lyrical beginning in the works of artists of the Art Nouveau era. On a particular example of a landscape gardening motif – one of the stable iconographic motifs embodying the image of the ideal dream space for life – features of the poetic thinking of the symbolists, visual and plastic possibilities of expressing the philosophical and aesthetic meanings of the creative worldview of artists of the late XIX – early XX century. In the context of studying the relationship between visual and verbal languages, the poetic experiments of the artists themselves are considered. In the context of studying the relationship between visual and verbal languages, the poetic experiments of the artists themselves are considered. In the context of studying the relationship between visual and verbal languages, the poetic experiments of the artists themselves are considered. For the first time in Russian, fragments of poems by William Degouve de Nuncques were translated. This Belgian symbolist artist consistently developed in his art the theme of gardens and parks as a universal world of a unique soul that was characteristic of other masters of the Art Nouveau era.
Keywords: History and theory of art, Art Nouveau, Russian Symbolism, European symbolism, iconography, iconology, poetry, fine arts, synthesis of arts, poetic image, visual language, poetic thinking, artistic myth

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HERVÉ DI ROSA: THE EPIC ADVENTURE OF 1980TH
UDC 7.036.8
Author: Malova Tatiana, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Moscow State Academic Art Institute named after V.I. Surikov of Russian Academy of Arts (Moscow, Russia), e-mail: malova.tatiana@yahoo.com
Summary: The article is devoted to the early period of creation of the French artist Hervé Di Rosa. Member of the association “Figuration libre”, in the 1980s he forms specific plastic vocabulary borrowed from the imagery of comic strips. Refocusing the discussion on the limits of art and everyday experience, his practice is addressed to the profane forms of culture and ironic quotation of the “high” sources.
Keywords: Hervé Di Rosa, “Figuration libre”, New Wave, comic strips

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CONTEMPORARY ART

FORMATION OF THE ART-BY-INSTRUCTION CONCEPT
UDC 7.038.6
Author: Rodionova Vladislava, MA student of the faculty of humanity studies at National Research University Higher Scool of Economics (Moscow, Russia), e-mail: vladislavarodi@gmail.com
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4283-4006
Summary: This article raises the question of the “art by instruction” genre, which is characterized by the creation of a work of art with the help of an instruction written by the artist. The development of this genre takes place during the XX century, beginning with the works of Marcel Duchamp and John Cage, then articulated with minimalism and conceptualism and gets a complete concept in the project “Do it” (1993 – present). The task of “art by instruction” is to create an open work with a variable end, with the possibility of various interpretations of the author's text-instruction.
Keywords: contemporary art, art-by-instruction, instruction, Marcel Duchamp, John Cage, Fluxus, minimalism, conceptualism, Do it

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ENVIRONMENT AND OBJECTS BEINGNESS IN STRATEGIES OF BODY REPRESENTATION IN INSTALLATIONS OF EUROPEAN ARTISTS OF THE SECOND HALF OF XX – BEGINNING OF XXI CENTURY
UDC 7.038.55
Author: Buali Anna, PhD Student at the State Institute for Art Studies (Moscow, Russia), e-mail: bualianna@gmail.com
Summary: Overcoming the impact of the Cartesian model of objectification of the body has become one of the important directions of philosophy and art practices of the XX century. Such researchers as Edmund Husserl, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Gilles Deleuze, Valery Podoroga, Henri Bergson, Michel Foucault and others have proposed project of expansion of corporality, its liberation from the oppressive objectifying discourse; the idea of the body as part of a complex system of social and environmental interactions. At the same time practices of artists who worked with the theme of corporality, developed new dimensions of representation of the body. From the enormous number of artistic experiments of the second half of the XX – beginning of XXI century, we will examine few examples of body representations in art where body is infiltrated to the world of objects, with the aim to follow the strategy of their spatial expansion.
Keywords: corporality, environment, representation, embodiment

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CINEMA

NEW PHOTOGENIC METHOD IN ORIENTAL ELEGY BY ALEXANDER SOKUROV
UDC 791.43
Author: Vinogradov Vladimir, Dr.Habil. in art studies, full professor, deputy chairman of the Chair of Cinema Studies at the All-Russian state institute of cinematography of S.A. Gerasimov (Moscow, Russia), e-mail: vinogradov_v.v@mail.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-6325-6092
Summary: The article explores the limits of the term photogeny for documentary cinema by Alexander Sokurov. It is proved that photogeny in Sokurov's movies is semantical, contributing to the creation of especially expressive landscapes. In the context of the study of Japanese culture in the movies, photogeny allows us to convey the idea of communicating the world of the living with the world of the dead, domesticating the transcendent. Clarification of this idea gives the key of interpretation to other movies of Sokurov.
Keywords: Sokurov, Oriental Elegy, Japan, the world of the living and the world of the dead, photogeny, documentary

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HISTORY AND THEORY OF CULTURE

DENAZIFIED BUT NOT YET AMERICANIZED: WEST GERMAN CINEMA AT THE DAWN OF THE FRG FOUNDATION
UDC 7.036(430)7+791.43-2
Author: Loehken Evgeniya, ΜΑ in History, Post-graduate student of the Department of Area Studies and Foreign Policy at Russian State University for the Humanities (Moscow, Russia), e-mail: zhenya.loehken@gmail.com
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-3717-4808
Summary: The article covers the analysis of the postwar cinema in West Germany that got into the thick of political events in the beginning of the Cold War. The country was subjected to denazification, postwar hunger and division into occupation zones, which was quickly replaced by the foundation of the FRG, Marshall Plan and cultural Americanization. We try to explore how feature film reflected on the rapidly changing political environment and how German artists using film images attempted to construct the New Germany. Films that documented this search process served as a kind of bridge between the Weimar expressionism and the New German Cinema.
Keywords: history of German cinema, Cold War films, Americanization, denazification, history of the FRG, national identity, cultural export, Germany and the USA, film discourse, role of Hollywood, New German Cinema, Konrad Adenauer, Harry Truman, Marshall Plan

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BODY OF ORDER IN THE IDEOLOGY OF FREEDOM(LESS)
UDC 172.15+175+304.3
Author-1: Litinskaya Jinna, Ph.D. in philosophy, e-mail: litinskaya@inbox.ru
Author-2: Kirillovsky Ilya, lecturer of the Moscow Institute of Linguistics (Moscow, Russia), e-mail: bituten@gmail.com
Summary: Article is devoted to change of the attitude towards embodiment in different models of society of the 20th century. The questions of accessory and functions of embodiment in the totalitarian societies and societies constructed on the idea of freedom are raised. Freedom ratio in the choice of ways of formation of the body and the idea of “the American dream” is discussed, as well the superheroes of various modes as ideal embodiment. And also idea of ZOZh (healthy lifestyle), as the idea of renewal of a body of the order is proved in western culture.
Keywords: healthy lifestyle, embodiment, totalitarianism, body of the order, superheroes

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PSYCHOLOGY OF CULTURE AND ART

THE INFLUENCE OF THE ACTUALIZATION OF THOUGHTS ABOUT GOD AND THE LEVEL OF RELIGIOSITY ON THE ATTITUDE TOWARD NON-CERTAINTY
UDC 159.95
Author-1: Ulybina Elena, Professor, Department of General Psychology of the Institute of school of public policy of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russia), e-mail: evulbn@gmail.com
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5398-9006
Author-2: Klymova Ksenia, Student of the Institute of school of public policy of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russia), e-mail: k.trois.3@gmail.com
Summary: The research presented was based on work Sagioglou C., Forstmann M. “Activating Christian religious concepts increases intolerance of ambiguity and judgment certainty”, which showed a decrease in the level of tolerance to uncertainty in the semantic religious priming. In the research were used different options for measuring preferences for certain and indeterminate stimuli, including the one-dimensional McDonald’s questionnaire. The research relied on the idea of the commonality of the influence of Christian values on people, regardless of their attitude toward religion. The questionnaire used by Kornilova and Chumakova (2014) makes it possible to measure the level of intolerance to uncertainty, inversely related to the indices of fluid intelligence and creativity and tolerance to the uncertainty associated with interpersonal intelligence. The hypothesis that the influence of semantic priming will reduce intolerance to uncertainty in cases of high religiosity and increase in cases of low religiosity and will not have an impact on tolerance to uncertainty has been partially confirmed. In a study on sample of 2015 students, 98% f. of the respondents, the semantic priming was set by a modified Huber questionnaire aimed at measuring general religiosity and containing questions about God, prayers, etc., and the attitude toward uncertainty was measured by the Kornilova and Chumakova questionnaire (2014), including scales of intolerance and tolerance to uncertainty. The influence of the semantic priming was controlled by the order of presentation of the questionnaires. According to the data obtained in the sample, which includes only respondents with high and low religiosity (N = 111), two-factor analysis of variance shows the significance of the interaction of factors of religiousness and the order of presentation of questionnaires at the level of intolerance to uncertainty (F = 6.914, p = 0.010), causing an insignificant increased intolerance among respondents with high religiosity and an insignificant decrease in intolerance among respondents with low religiosity. The interaction of the conditions of presentation and the level of religiosity to the level of tolerance to uncertainty is significant (F = 4,895, p = 0,029), reducing the tolerance to uncertainty among respondents with low religiosity (F = 5,144, p =, 028) and does not affect respondents with high religiosity. The results are discussed.
Keywords: intolerance to uncertainty, tolerance to uncertainty, religiosity, levels of religiosity

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METHODOLOGY

THE PROBLEM OF THE IRREDUCIBILITY OF AESTHETIC PHENOMENONS TO LANGUAGE EXPRESSION IN L.WITTGENSTEIN'S WORKS
UDC 7.01
Author-1: Zolotkov Grigory, postgraduate student of the Doctoral School of Philosophy at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (Moscow, Russia), e-mail: zolotkov_grigory@mail.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1013-8778
Author-2: Zhulitova Anagata, MA in Philosophy, e-mail: anagata@zhulitova.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7421-9249
Summary: The article is concerned with arguments against the understanding of aesthetics as a theoretical research. According to such understanding the realm of aesthetics is feasible to a kind of scientific articulation. According to Wittgenstein aesthetics is a peculiar realm and its substance could not be expressed.
Keywords: aesthetics, work of art, expressibility of aesthetics, Wittgenstein, ethics, logical form, language game

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